15 January 2014

Notes from: A history of modern times: The Internet and communications. Torch club talk 2014-01-14

  1. Communications in the 1950s
    • The Bell System
    • Circuit Switching
    • "Analog" technology vs digital technology
    • Time/frequency division multiplexing
  2. Cold War and the need for survivable communications
    • Paul Baran (1962) of RAND and distributed communications, store-and-forward
    • UK National Physics Laboratory, David Davies – time sharing and packet switching, the Mark I (1967)
    • Lawrence Roberts, Lincoln Lab and ARPA
    • Gatlinburg 1967
  3. ARPA
    • Three “applications”: login, file transfer, remote job execution
    • Bob Taylor, Director ARPA Information Processing Techniques
    • ARPAnet – 1969
    • Interface Message Processors
  4. Inter-network 1970s
    • Cyclades – France
    • NPL – UK
    • NORSAR – Norway
  5. TCP (and IP)
    • Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf – Transmission Control Protocol (1974)
    • Toward the Internet Protocol 1975-1982
    • Flag Day: January 1, 1983 – TCP/IP
  6. Online Communities in the 80s: UUCP/Usenet and the BBS community
    • NSFnet, WWW, and into the modern Internet
    • Personal Computers
    • Email/forums
    • BBS
  7. Other applications: gopher, http – 1991
    • Blacksburg Electronic Village
    • AOL and September That Never Ended
  8. Internet2 and advancements in networking
    • Futures
    • IPv6
  9. Bellheads vs Network Geeks – Culture of Innovation
    • ISO vs ARPA “reference models”
    • Design Philosophy
    • Reference Implementation – BSD/Unix
    • The RFC process, Postel’s Law
  10. Reflections on post-Sputnik vs post-9/11
    • Patriot Act
    • Snowden
    • Big Data and “metadata” analysis

Michael Padlipsky quotes (mostly in regard to ISO)

  • Beware of the panacea peddlers: just because you wind up naked doesn’t make you an emperor
  • Layering makes a good servant but a bad master
  • If you know what you’re doing, three layers is enough; if you don’t seventeen won’t help
  • If you build a better mousetrap, the voluntary standards organizations will plod a path at least 37° off-course from your door
  • Perhaps they really do strive for incomprehensibility in their specs; after all, when the liturgy was written in Latin, the laity knew their place
  • Oversold, underdesigned, and years from here
  • Standards should be discovered, not decreed
  • If the boat is nearly swamped and you don’t have a bailing bucket, then it makes a good deal of sense to rock the boat … in hopes you’ll slosh some of the bilgewater out the other side
  • Do you want protocols that look nice or protocols that work nice?
  • Optimality differs according to context
  • It must be our great task, gentlemen, to keep the monkeys away from the typewriters – attributed to Wiener

Postel’s Law

  • TCP implementations should follow a general principle of robustness: be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept from others.
    • Be conservative in what you send; be liberal in what you accept

William of Ockham (c. 1287 – 1347)

  • Plurality is not to be posited without necessity